Frank Feger's Astrophotographs

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Earth

Sky reflection in the Pulvermaar
The earth is a celestial body on which volcanos can be found. The Pulvermaar in the Eifel resulted from a steam explosion 15000 years ago.

Bausenberg
In the Eifel, there are also volcano mountains. The Bausenberg at Niederzissen is a particular well-proportioned one.


Weather

Lightnings at night
An atmosphere makes weather possible, sometimes more likely the bad one.

Two lightnings
Sometimes, the weather is closer than the photographer likes it ...


Higher atmosphere

NLC over trees
In summer, the highest clouds on earth are forming. Ice in 80 km height reflects the sunlight and gives "noctilucent" clouds.

Red aurora over Buildings
When fast particles from the sun, the solar wind, come in the upper regions of the air, through the magnetic field of the earth, they stimulate the local atoms to give off light - the aurora shows up.


Sun

Prominence
Mentioning the influences of our sun, we should not forget her surface. Prominences, the gas eruptions visible at the rim, are among the biggest structures known in connection with our local star.


Comets

Comet Hyakutake
Some threat to earth, but sometimes good to get a photograph of, are comets. This "dirty snowball" is named Hyakutake and came close to the earth to a distance of 15 million kilometers. The long ion tail makes the small dust tail to appear small, while the blue-green coma is noticeable.

Hale-Bopp over the wood
One year later, Hale-Bopp came along, whose bright dust tail outshined the blue ion tail. The colour of the sky is caused by the light of street lanterns, which is easily captured by the Fujichrome slide film.

Hale-Bopp with reflection
One day, I had the idea that the surface of the water is a reflecting surface, too, so I could get Hale-Bopp two times on one photograph..


Planets

Mars with dark regions
An alternative for us: Mars. The dark regions are easily to recognize, in opposite to the polar caps. The red colour is being caused by iron oxides, a bit similar to rust.

Mars, colour intensified
The same phootgraph as before, but with enhanced colours. Here, one can clearly see the bright polar cap.

Jupiter with GRS
Jupiter is a giant gas planet with a fast rotation which extends the clouds to strings. The dark spot in the northern equatorial belt was unstable, whereas the Great Red Spot in the southern equatorial belt isnīt only twice as big as the earth, but also a few hundred years old.

Jupiter, colour improved
The previous photograph with intensified colours. Here, the Great Red Spot is clearly red.

Jupiter with two shadows
Jupiter was object for my first night with astrophotography. A double shadow transit, here visible in the left, was reason enough, whereas the double transit was also watched at the beginning and to the visual spectator, due to the low contrast.


Overview images

Summer Milky Way, with intensive colours
The summer sky shows us the star covered galactical clouds in Cygnus. The dark regions are dust, the red fluorescent ones hydrogen.

Summer Milky Way in red colour
The central part of the Milky Way, taken with an underwater film. The dark lanes are made of dust, which extends to the right, northern part of the central bulge. The bright, red object below the middle is the lagoon nebula; at the left, jupiter shines. Below the connecting line between the two, a meteor left its trace on the 50 ASA film.

Alnitak to M 42
A normal film sees the sky in these colours. The red object is the orion nebula (M 42), the object to the left of brightest star is the flame nebula (NGC 2024). In both cases, hydrogen is glowing, which can be identified by the red colour.


Emission nebulas

Orion nebula
The orion nebula (M 42) is a 1500 light years distant gas an dust cloud, which is stimulated to fluorescence by the stars in its middle. The dark grains are just dust on the film. The nebula is a highlight of the winter sky.

Omega nebula
The Omega nebula (M 17) is also a hydrogen cloud with dust, but is located in Sagittarius and can be seen in summer.

Dumbbell nebula
In opposite to the previous objects, the dumbbell nebula (M 27) isnīt a region of star formation, but a shell blown off by a dying star. On the original scan, which doesnīt show the same colour as a print, the blue regions of heavier elements accumulated during the life of the star are better to be seen. The round shape gave the name to the class of the "planetary Nebulae".


Clusters of stars

Globular cluster M 13
About 100000 very old stars form a globular cluster, which can be photographed properly only through a telescope.

Double cluster h and chi Persei
Open clusters consist of a few hundred younger and often hotter stars. Here, two clusters are located close together.

Pleiades over helicopter
The open cluster of the Pleiades (M 45) above the middle of the image can also be seen fine in binoculars. The picture is not a photomontage, but good luck. The helicopter put lime to the wood at the day, and was parked then.


Galaxies

Andromeda galaxy
With its 2.3 million Light years, the Andromeda nebula (M 31) is the most distant object that can be seen with the unaided eye. For taking a photograph of this galaxy, a standard lens is sufficient. Here, a 200 mm telephoto lens was used.

Two galaxies close together
The two close galaxies M 81 (at the right) and M 82 (at the left) had an encounter many million years ago, which lead to dust lanes. In binoculars the lanes are not visible, but it is possible to see the different shapes of the galaxies.

Narrow galaxy, seen from the short side
The galaxy NGC 4565 is located in the Virgo galaxy cluster and looks thin even in a telescope. A dust lane devides the object decoratively in two parts.

Two Galaxies
Also only to be watched with a telescope are these two galaxies. Right of the middle, there is NGC 4656, which looks like a mirrored "S" with brighter middle and a very weak second half. In the roght upper corner, there is NGC 4631, which is seen fromm the side. The core with its copper hue can be seen better on the original slide.



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Last changes: Tuesday, 4. December 2012 (Frank Feger).